“White ... is not a mere absence of colour; it is
a shining and affirmative thing, as fierce as red,
as definite as black ... God paints in many
colours; but He never paints so gorgeously,
I had almost said so gaudily, as when He paints
in white.” G. K. Chesterton, 1874 –1936.
How do you talk about white when it is not even
a proper colour? If you mix all the rainbow
wavelengths of coloured light, you get white
light, but to get white as a surface colour, you
have to take everything else away. It is what’s
left when all other colours are gone: an empty,
achromatic, hue-less blank. White is at once
everything and it is nothing; it is all colours and
no colour at all; it is sound and light, heat and
cold, happy and sad, good and bad; sugar and
milk, speed and cocaine; the colour of god,
virgins, death and everlasting life. As a term it
is filled with so much ambiguous paradox that
it even puts its partner opposite, black, in the
shade.
White has immense power over us. It has a
direct effect on how we perceive objects and
environments. “White”, said the painter Wassily
Kandinsky, “acts like a deep and absolute
silence full of possibilities”**. Imagine going
to bed on a cold dark winter’s evening and
throwing open the curtains next morning to be
greeted by a world transformed by snow. All
differences covered, all edges softened and
rounded, all sound muffled, all ugliness and dirt
made pristine, pure and beautiful. What heart
does not thrill with childish excitement at
nature’s most impressive of magic shows? Snow
is an old and special thing, it is the oldest white
we know, and still we find it enchanting. Perhaps
all of our feelings and responses to white stem
from our experience of snow. It is both purity
and the void; made precious by its temporary
and fragile delicacy. When the sun shines, snow
WHITE
everything and nothing
by Sophie Lovell
is blinding – blinding white light – we are in awe
of white, it is godlike because we cannot even
look at it.
We like to think of white as our blank canvas,
our empty stage: pure, neutral nothingness. A
freshly renovated apartment, white and empty,
waiting for new owners to clutter it with charac-
ter and belongings. A table laid with empty
white plates waiting to be filled with food. The
blank pages of a notebook waiting to be filled
with words and sketches. White is supposed to
represent transitional space, space waiting for
content. 20th century art, for example, is almost
synonymous with the evenly lit, white ideal
spaces that it is presented in. Think of a typical
contemporary art gallery and, like as not, you
will envisage white cubes of space filled with
“art”. It is a strong image and a common one,
but the strength of this image doesn’t come
from the art, it comes from the supposedly
neutral container – it is the space we notice
first, not the content. The white, ideal space re-
presents, in the words of art critic and artist
Brian O’Doherty, “more than any single picture
... the archetypal image of 20th century art”***.
We have experienced so many scenes set in the
easy neutrality of white space that we have
come to feel at home in it for its own sake.
Somewhere along our Modernist journey, maybe
it was as we idled a little in the soothing lines of
Minimalism, white stopped being a temporary
vacancy and became a means unto itself. It
brought areas of calm into our visual overdose
culture. In graphic design, white space is a vital
device that helps a reader to focus upon the
graphics and understand text. The better the
balance between this negative, white space and
its opposite, content, the better the impact of
the graphics and the greater the sense of depth
and quality of artistic expression. There also is a
degree of reverence here created by the juxtapo-
sition of object with symbolic nothingness. Like
the white gallery containing perhaps just one or
two pieces of art, it induces a sense of sharpened
focus by design, not dissimilar to a simple white
chapel with a single devotional object – or single
tree in a rural landscape carpeted in snow.
A pioneering use of the power of white space is
the Beatles’ eponymous 1968 “White Album”,
designed by the artist Richard Hamilton. It was
recorded after the band’s return from a trans-
cendental trip to India and as a follow up to
the multilayered baroque extravagance of Sgt.
Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. The White
Album had no proper title or external cover art
at all, apart from the words: “The Beatles”
embossed in plain type on the front and an issue
number. This absence of conventional graphics,
a package divested of almost all ornament and
colour, was absolutely revolutionary. What this
white space promised was content so special that
it required elevating and setting apart from every
record that had gone before. Thus the “empty”
white cover as good as guaranteed cult status.
Frankly, if John, Paul, George and Ringo had
filled it with a collection of shipping forecasts
instead of pop songs, it probably wouldn’t have
made much difference to the fact that it became
one of the biggest selling albums of all time. On
the other hand, to be fair, if it hadn’t been made
by a band as popular as The Beatles it might
have been a bit too revolutionary for the general
public to handle.
Apart from offering a conceptual canvas, white
has other roles in our culture. We all know what
white wedding dresses are supposed to symbol-
ise, and doctors don’t just wear white clothes
because they show up the dirt (and their under-
wear) better. White stands for purity and clean-
liness. We wear it to show our sophistication
and civilisation, to show how we have moved
above and beyond the grubby greens and browns
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